The Challenges of the Internet of Nano Things
Sasitharan Balasubramaniam (Sasi)
([email protected])
Nano Communication Centre
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Tampere University of Technology
Outline
Nanotechnology
Nanomachines
Nano Communications
Molecular Communications
Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
Applications of IoNT
Plans for Horizon2020
Nanotechnology
Concept was first proposed by Richard Feyman in 1959 in his nobel prize acceptance speech
Plenty of room at the bottom
Nanotechnology are devices on the scale of the order of one billionth of a meter(10-9)
Example materials: Graphene, Nanocrystallites, Nanoparticles
Numerous healthcare applications
Improved monitoring of chronic diseases
Accurate drug delivery
Nanorobots that can perform surgery
Other applications include Aeronautics, Environmental Science
Nanomachine to treat cancer
Issue with current chemotherapy is that drugs kill good cells
Aim -deliver drug to targeted areas
Cut the dosage down by hundred -thousand times
Developed at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Honeycomb nanostructure that holds the drug particles
Valves releases particles. Numerous approaches:
Chemical agent
Light
DNA Nanorobot
Developed at Wyss Institute
Robotic device developed from DNA
DNA origami -3D shapes created from folding DNA
Two halves connected with a hinge, and shut using DNA latches
The latches can be designed to recognize certain cell proteins and disease markers
Hold molecules with encoded instructions (antibody fragments)
Used on two types of cancer cells (leukemia and lymphoma)
Problems and Challenges
Scale of nanodevices allows us to .
Reach hard to access areas ..
Access vital information at a whole new level (molecular information) ..
Devices of the future will be built from nanomaterials
Limitation -limited functionalities!!
Communication and networking between nanomachines would further advance their capabilities and functionalities
Nano Communications!
Molecular Communication
Sender nanomachines encode information into information molecules (e.g. DNA, proteins, peptides)
Information can be transmitted through diffusion or active transport
Ability to create communication systems and networks using biological components and processes that are found in nature
Interdisciplinary research (nanotechnology, communication technology, biochemistry, molecular biology)
Diffusion-based Molecular Communications
Communication is performed through diffusion of molecules
Information is embedded into the molecules
Ideally this is suited to fluidic medium
Bacteria Communication Nanonetworks (1)
Bacteria can hold genetic information (plasmids)
DTN Bacteria Nanonetworks
Opportunistic multi-hop routing in bacteria nanonetworks using chemotaxis and conjugation.
Each Bacteria is akin to a mobile node.
Smart Organ
Through tissue engineering we can develop various body parts
Tissues -> Organs (skin, bone)
Using nanomaterial scaffolds, we can grow cells on the scaffold into tissue
Utilizing 3D bioprinting to develop organs
Challenge -integration to the existing system within the body
Integrate sensors into the tissue (Smart tissue)
Robert Langer (BBC, October 2013)
Internet of Things
Internet of NANO Things
IoNT Architecture
IoNT Challenges: Context Models
Cross domains of heterogeneous knowledge bases
IoNT Challenges: Service Models
Multitude of nanodevices and micro-gateways
Big data from nanoscale sensors and networks
New distributed service models (lightweight services)
Applications (1): Body Area NanoNetworks (BAN2)
Applications (2): Smart Cities
EU FET Project Plan (1)
Coordinated Support Action (FET OPEN2 – September 2014) Planned submission September 2014 (7 partners including TSSG – WIT, Ireland (coordinator); Koc, Turkey, TUT (Finland)……..
FET Open (FET OPEN1 – September 2014): Internet of Bacteria Things
Collaborator: Prof. Ozgur B. Akan, Koc University
Partners: University of Helsinki (Finland), Tampere University of Technology (Finland), Koc University (Turkey), University of Cambridge (UK), Tyndall Institute (Ireland)
Objective: To realize a simple bacteria nanonetwork that interfaces to the Internet (software services)
Bridge ICT to Molecular Biology World. Linking communication of behaviour of bacteria to the software services in Telecommunications.
Bacteria communication will be conducted through wet lab experiments (Univ. of Helsinki).
EU FET Project Plan (2)
Conclusion
Basics of Nanotechnology
Examples of Nanomachines
Nano Communication
Electro-magnetic Nano Communications
Molecular Communications
Internet of Nano Things
Body Area Nanonetworks
Smart Cities Applications
Plans for Horizon2020