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PIFI
Oxford University Press – 19th century: Price and Cannan
Its trade relied on mass sales of cheap bibles, and its Delegates were typified by Gaisford or Martin Routh
Storage tube – Storage
The easiest example to understand are the early computer memory systems as typified by the Williams tube
Libertarian socialism
Throughout its history, the reformist section of syndicalism has been overshadowed by its revolutionary section, typified by the Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT) in France, IWW, the Federación Anarquista Ibérica section of the CNT., the Unione Sindacale Italiana and the Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden (SAC).
Philosophy
Philosophy of mind explores the nature of the mind, and its relationship to the body, and is typified by disputes between dualism and materialism. In recent years there has been increasing similarity between this branch of philosophy and cognitive science.
Mature technology – Mature technologies
Firearm, typified by assault rifle technology, most advances are slight improvements as manufacturers alter balances between weight, firepower, range, and accuracy
Clothing – Working conditions
Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation
Minority Report (film) – Music
Spielberg typified it as “a black and white score” and said, “I think Johnny Williams does a really nice bit of homage to Benny Herrmann.”
Architecture
There was also the rise of the “gentleman architect” who usually dealt with wealthy clients and concentrated predominantly on visual qualities derived usually from historical prototypes, typified by the many country houses of Great Britain that were created in the Neo Gothic or Scottish Baronial styles
Film
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I, while the film industry in the United States flourished with the rise of Hollywood, typified most prominently by the innovative work of D
DDB Worldwide – Doyle Dane Bernbach
The agency’s first ads were for Ohrbach’s department store and they typified the new “soft-sell” approach using catchy slogans and witty humour in contrast to the repetition and hard-sell advertising that was in vogue until then
Ford Motor Company
Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914 these methods were known around the world as Fordism
Programming in the large and programming in the small
Compare with the activities associated with a programming systems project, again as identified by Brooks. Such a project is typified by medium-sized or large industrial teams working on the project for many months to several years. The project is likely to be split up into several or hundreds of separate modules which individually are of a similar complexity to the individual programs described above. However, each module will define an interface to its surrounding modules.
Programming in the large and programming in the small – Programming in the small
In software development, programming in the small describes the activity of writing a small program. Small programs are typified by being small in terms of their source code size, are easy to specify, quick to code and typically perform one task or a few very closely related tasks very well.
Age of Enlightenment – Grub Street
This bitterness and hatred found an outlet in the literature the Grub Street Hacks produced, typified by the libelle. Written mostly in the form of pamphlets, the libelles “slandered the court, the Church, the aristocracy, the academies, the salons, everything elevated and respectable, including the monarchy itself”. Darnton designates Le Gazetier cuirassé by Charles Théveneau de Morande as the prototype of the genre. Consider:
Age of Enlightenment – Political thought
De Tocqueville “clearly designates … the cultural effects of transformation in the forms of the exercise of power”. Nevertheless, it took another century before cultural approach became central to the historiography, as typified by Robert Darnton, The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of the Encyclopédie, 1775–1800 (1979).
Trait theory – List of personality traits
Psychoticism Psychoticism is a personality pattern typified by aggressiveness and interpersonal hostility, one of four traits in Hans Eysenck’s model of personality. High levels of this trait were believed by Eysenck to be linked to increased vulnerability to psychosis such as schizophrenia. He also believed that blood relatives of psychotics would show high levels of this trait, suggesting a genetic basis to the trait.
Security guard – UK
The trend in the UK at the time of writing is one of polarisation. The market in Manned Guarding (the security industry term for the security guards most people are familiar with) is diverging toward two opposite extremes; one typified by a highly trained and well paid security officer; the other with security officers on or about minimum wage with only the minimum training required by law.
Babe Didrikson Zaharias – Contemporary impressions
Williams’ remark typified the attitude of some toward women who did not fit the traditional ideals of femininity current in the first half of the 20th century
Instruction (computer science) – Complex instructions
CISC processors include complex instructions in their instruction set. A single complex instruction does something that may take many instructions on other computers. Such instructions are typified by instructions that take multiple steps, control multiple functional units, or otherwise appear on a larger scale than the bulk of simple instructions implemented by the given processor. Some examples of complex instructions include:
United States Democratic Party – Ideology
The party had a fiscally conservative, pro-business wing, typified by Grover Cleveland and Al Smith, and a Southern Democrats|Southern conservative wing that shrank after President Lyndon B
Vertical integration – Three types
Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers. Contrary to horizontal integration, which is a consolidation of many firms that handle the same part of the production process, vertical integration is typified by one firm engaged in different parts of production (e.g., growing raw materials, manufacturing, transporting, marketing, and/or retailing).
RCA Records – The post-war 1940s
RCA also released some extended play (EP) 45s with playing times up to 7 minutes per side, primarily for light classical selections, as typified by an Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra disc featuring Tchaikovsky’s Marche Slave and Ketèlbey’s In a Persian Market
Kazaa – History
Kazaa and FastTrack were originally created and developed by Estonian programmers from BlueMoon Interactive including Jaan Tallinn and sold to Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis (who were later to create Skype and later still Joost and Rdio). Kazaa was introduced by the Netherlands|Dutch company Consumer Empowerment in March 2001, near the end of the first generation of P2P networks typified by the shutdown of Napster in July 2001.
Austin, Texas – Environmental movement
The distinguishing political movement of Austin politics has been that of the environmental movement, which spawned the parallel neighborhood movement, then the more recent conservationist movement (as typified by the Hill Country Conservancy), and eventually the current on-going debate about sense of place and preserving the Austin quality of life. Much of the so-called environmental movement has matured into a debate on issues related to saving and creating an Austin sense of place.
Microsoft Direct3D – D3DX
There are several functions that provide complex operations over 3D meshes like tangent-space computation, mesh simplification, precomputed radiance transfer, optimizing for vertex cache friendliness and stripification, and generators for 3D text meshes
Economic specialization – Émile Durkheim
Durkheim believes that organic solidarity prevails in more advanced societies, while mechanical solidarity typifies less developed societies.Moody, James
Yoga as exercise or alternative medicine – Physical aspects of yoga
This response is typified by a physiological de-activation of tenseness and control over one’s body
Portland, Oregon – Climate
As with much of the Pacific Northwest west of the Cascades, Portland experiences a temperate Oceanic climate|oceanic climate typified by warm, dry summers and mild, damp winters; the city proper straddles the border between Hardiness zone|USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 8B and 9A
International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility – Background information
One can choose either a low-Atomic number|Z material, typified by graphite although for some purposes beryllium might be chosen, or a high-Atomic number|Z material, usually tungsten with molybdenum as a second choice.
Ford Motor Corporation
Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale management of an industrial workforce using elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by moving assembly lines; by 1914 these methods were known around the world as Fordism
Delirium
It is typified by fluctuating course, attentional deficits and generalized severe disorganization of behavior
Fissile
In nuclear engineering, a ‘fissile’ material is one that is capable of sustaining a chain reaction of nuclear fission. By definition, fissile materials can sustain a chain reaction with neutrons of any energy. The predominant neutron energy may be typified by either slow neutrons (i.e.,a thermal system) or fast neutrons. Fissile materials can be used to fuel thermal-neutron reactors, with a neutron moderator; fast-neutron reactors, with no moderators; and nuclear explosives.
Virtue – Samurai virtue
The Bushid? code is typified by seven virtues:see Random House’s Japanese-English, English-Japanese Dictionary
Jellyfish
They are typified as free-swimming marine animals consisting of a gelatinous umbrella-shaped bell and trailing tentacles
Jellyfish – Terminology
The term medusa was coined by Linnaeus in 1752, alluding to the tentacled head of Medusa in Greek mythology.[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=jellyfish jellyfish]. Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. Retrieved on 2013-01-10. This term refers exclusively to the non-polyp life-stage which occurs in many cnidarians, which is typified by a large pulsating gelatinous bell with long trailing tentacles. All medusa-producing species belong to the sub-phylum Medusozoa.
Hibernation
Unequivocally, however, torpid states, whatever the metabolic energy threat, are fundamentally typified by lowered core-body temperatures, prolonged pauses between breaths and lowered heart rates, i.e., to values below those of so-called basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Anime – Genres
By contrast, a variety of anime sub-genres across demographic groups incorporate ecchi, sexual themes or undertones without depictions of sexual intercourse, as typified in the comedic or Harem (genre)|harem genres; due to its popularity among adolescent and adult anime enthusiasts, incorporation of ecchi elements in anime is considered a form of fan service.Ask John: [http://www.animenation.net/blog/2005/05/20/ask-john-why-do-americans-hate-harem-anime/ Why Do Americans Hate Harem Anime?]
Taxicab
* Taxibuses, also known as Jitneys, operating on pre-set routes typified by multiple stops and multiple independent passengers
Obstructive sleep apnea – Risk factors
Men, in which the anatomy is typified by increased mass in the torso and neck, are at increased risk of developing sleep apnea, especially through middle age and later
Benzodiazepines – Insomnia
Other drawbacks of hypnotics, including benzodiazepines, are possible tolerance to their effects, rebound insomnia, and reduced slow-wave sleep and a withdrawal period typified by rebound insomnia and a prolonged period of anxiety and agitation
Microfluidics – Digital microfluidics
The fluid transistor pioneered by also played a role
Explicit Data Graph Execution – A new ISA?
One attempt to introduce a new ISA are the very long instruction word (VLIW) architectures, typified by the Itanium
Movie – History
The rise of European cinema was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I, while the film industry in the United States flourished with the rise of Cinema of the United States|Hollywood, typified most prominently by the innovative work of D
Applied philosophy – Specialized branches
* ‘Philosophy of mind’ explores the nature of the mind, and its relationship to the body, and is typified by disputes between Dualism (philosophy of mind)|dualism and materialism. In recent years there has been increasing similarity between this branch of philosophy and cognitive science.
Anatomy – Vertebrate anatomy
Gnathostomata|Jawed vertebrates are typified by paired appendages, fins or legs, which may be secondarily lost
Physical geography – Sub-branches
* ‘Hydrology’ is predominantly concerned with the amounts and quality of water moving and accumulating on the land surface and in the soils and rocks near the surface and is typified by the hydrological cycle
Easement
It is best typified in the right of way which one landowner, A, may enjoy over the land of another, B
Maintenance, repair, and operations
The former of these represents a closed loop supply chain and usually has the scope of maintenance, repair or wikt:overhauling|overhaul of the product. The latter of the categorisations is an open loop supply chain and is typified by refurbishment and remanufacture.
Grassland – Climate
Temperate grasslands occur in temperate climates typified by distinct seasonality (warm summers and cold winters).
Louis Brandeis – Childhood education
Louis grew up in a family enamored with books, music, and politics, perhaps best typified by his revered uncle, Lewis Dembitz, a refined, educated man who served as a delegate to the Republican convention in 1860 that nominated Abraham Lincoln for president.
Clarendon Press – 19th century: Price and Cannan
1–2, 12 Its trade relied on mass sales of cheap bibles, and its Delegates were typified by Gaisford or Martin Routh
Waste water – Wastewater quality indicators
Oxygen consumption by reducing chemicals such as sulfides and nitrites is typified as follows:
Collectivism – Typology
Collectivism can be typified as horizontal collectivism, wherein equality is emphasized and people engage in sharing and cooperation, or vertical collectivism, wherein hierarchy is emphasized and people submit to specific authorities
Coronal loop – 1946–1975
Then, in 1973, Skylab was launched and began a new multi-wavelength campaign that typified future observatories
Hostel – Boutique hostels
The general backpacking community is no longer exclusively typified by student travelers and extreme shoe string budgets.[http://www.scribd.com/doc/21123996/Backpacker-Tourism The Global Nomad] Greg Richards, 2004
Continental tire – Models
Contemporary examples of Continental kits are sometimes found on customized automobiles. It has become an accessory that typifies the spirit of the 1950s.[http://www.continentalkit.com/ Continental Enterprises makes kits to fit cars through 1999.], retrieved on 2008-06-27. Continental kits were also made popular by the pimpmobile craze of the 1970s, not to mention the Pimp My Ride show. Continental tires are known as ‘fifth wheels’ in hip hop slang.
British Columbia – Government and politics
British Columbia’s political history is typified by scandal and a cast of colourful characters, beginning with various colonial-era land scandals and abuses of power by early officials (such as those that led to McGowan’s War in 1858–59)
Melbourne – Land boom and bust
A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in 1891 with a severe depression of the city’s economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small banks and building societies collapsed and 133 limited companies went into liquidation
American History – Spanish, Dutch, and French colonization
It left an enduring legacy on American cultural and political life, including a secular broadmindedness and mercantile pragmatism in the city, and a rural traditionalism in the countryside typified by the story of Rip Van Winkle
Suzuki – 1980—1989
** German designer Hans A. Muth uses the motif of the Katana|samurai sword to create the original GSX1100S Suzuki Katana|Katana, a motorcycle that typifies Suzuki.
Mt. St. Helens – Ancestral stages of eruptive activity
The second eruptive period, the Cougar Stage, started 20,000 years ago and lasted for 2,000 years. Pyroclastic flows of hot pumice and ash along with Lava dome|dome growth occurred during this period. Another 5,000 years of dormancy followed, only to be upset by the beginning of the Swift Creek eruptive period, typified by pyroclastic flows, dome growth and blanketing of the countryside with tephra. Swift Creek ended 8,000 years ago.
Funk – 1960s: James Brown and the development of funk
By the mid-1960s, James Brown had developed his signature groove that emphasized the Beat (music)#Downbeat|downbeat—with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every measure to etch his distinctive sound, rather than the Backbeat (music)|backbeat that typified African American music.[http://www.anisman.com/steve/samd02.htm Lessons in listening – Concepts section: Fantasy, Earth Wind Fire, The Best of Earth Wind Fire Volume I, Freddie White.] (1998, January)
IBM DB2 – Competition
This family of warehouse appliance-like systems was given the name IBM Balanced Configuration Unit, or BCU, and is aimed at the warehouse appliance market typified by Netezza and DATAllegro, but it differentiates itself in that it uses the full-featured version of DB2 instead of a single-purpose warehouse-oriented RDBMS.
Soul music – 1970s and later
Artists like James Brown (musician)|James Brown led soul towards funk music, which became typified by 1970s bands like Parliament-Funkadelic and The Meters
Ben Jonson – Poetry
Although it is included among the epigrams, On My First Sonne is neither satirical nor very short; the poem, intensely personal and deeply felt, typifies a genre that would come to be called lyric poetry
Common law – The common law evolves to meet changing social needs and improved understanding
One example of the gradual change that typifies the common law is the gradual change in liability for negligence
Electrowetting – History
Brown in 1980 and later funded in 1984-1988 under NSF Grants 8760730 8822197,[http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/piSearch.do;jsessionid=D05E82394F781CBA17DB0C5AC8E3C0B8?SearchType=piSearchpage=1QueryText=PIFirstName=jamesPILastName=brownPIInstitution=cytonixPIState=MDPIZip=PICountry=USRestrictExpired=onSearch=Search#results] employing insulating dielectric and hydrophobic layers, immiscible fluids, DC or RF power; and mass arrays of miniature interleaved electrodes with large or matching Indium tin oxide (ITO)
Military – Military as part of society
The relationship between the military and the society it serves is a complicated and ever-evolving one. Much depends on the nature of the society itself and whether it sees the military as important, as for example in time of threat or war, or a burdensome expense typified by defence cuts in time of peace.
Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister – Legacy and honours
In 1879, Listerine mouthwash was named after him for his work in antisepsis. Microorganisms named in his honour include the pathogenic bacterial genus Listeria named by Harvey Pirie|J.H.H. Pirie, typified by the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, as well as the slime mould genus Listerella, first described by Eduard Adolf Wilhelm Jahn in 1906.
Organized crime – Bureaucratic/corporate operations
Bureaucratic/corporate organized crime groups are defined by the general rigidity of their internal structures. Focusing more on how the operations works, succeeds, sustains itself or avoids retribution, they are generally typified by:
Organized crime – Cultural deviance
This subculture shares an alternative lifestyle, language and culture, and is generally typified by being tough, taking care of their own affairs and rejecting government authority
Mature technology – Mature technologies
*Firearm, typified by assault rifle technology, most advances are slight improvements as manufacturers alter balances between weight, firepower, range, and accuracy
Opera
It also saw the advent of Grand Opera typified by the works of Auber and Giacomo Meyerbeer|Meyerbeer
Yuppie – Usage outside of the United States
In Mexico, the term yupi is a neologism for high class young people usually from the largest cities and known for having a modern white-collar economy. Yuppification has occurred in economic booming nations of China, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and South Africa in the late 1990s and 2000s.
Yuppie – Related terms
* Yuppification often replaces the word gentrification; it is the act of making something, someone, or someplace appealing and thus marketable to yuppie tastes.Algeo 1991, p. 228.
Émile Durkheim – Methodology
For him, facts had no intellectual meaning unless they were grouped into Typification|types and Scientific law|laws
History of manufactured gas – Precursors
Rather, while some of the mechanical properties of two way gas cooker were understood, as typified by Robert Boyle’s experiments and the development of the air pump, its chemical properties were not
Space opera – Influence
During the Golden Age of Science Fiction, the fanciful space opera stories were seen in sharp contrast to the terse, scientifically plausible material that came to dominate mainstream science fiction typified by the magazine Analog Science Fiction and Fact|Astounding Stories
Punk rock – New wave
encompassing disparate styles such as 2 Tone ska, the mod revival inspired by The Jam, the sophisticated pop-rock of Elvis Costello and XTC, the New Romantic phenomenon typified by Ultravox, synthpop groups like Tubeway Army (which had started out as a straight-ahead punk band) and Human League, and the sui generis subversions of Devo, who had gone beyond punk before punk even properly existed.Reynolds (2005), p
Punk rock – In the mainstream
As observed by scholar Ross Haenfler, many punk fans ‘despise corporate punk rock’, typified by bands such as Sum41 and Blink182.Haenfler (2006), p
Rugged computer
A ‘rugged’ (or ‘ruggedized’, but also ‘ruggedised’) ‘computer’ is a computer specifically designed to operate reliably in harsh usage environments and conditions, such as strong vibrations, extreme temperatures and wet or dusty conditions.[http://www.militaryaerospace.com/index/display/article-display/3394158585/articles/military-aerospace-electronics/industry-news-flash-2/2011/6/rugged-laptop_computer.html Rugged laptop computer for use in military ground vehicles and helicopters offered by General Dynamics Itronix – Military Aerospace Electronics] They are designed from inception for the type of rough use typified by these conditions, not just in the external housing but in the internal components and cooling arrangements as well.[http://www.lxe.com/uploadedFiles/pdf/White_Papers/WhitePaper-RuggedizationSpecifications2.pdf What you need to know before purchasing a rugged mobile computer], LXE, 2004
Pupil – Optic effects
This condition is typified by chronically widened pupils due to the decreased ability of the optic nerves to respond to light
Osaka – Heian to Edo period
By 1780 Osaka was sponsoring a vibrant cultural life, as typified by its famous Kabuki theaters and Bunraku puppet theaters.C
Moysés Baumstein
He was driven by singular curiosity and diligence and typified as a Polymath|Renaissance Man joining science with art throughout his accomplishments.
Kinship – Kinship networks and social processWhite and Johansen, 2005, Chapters 3 and 4 (Bibliography)
He then described these relationships, however, as typified by interlocking interpersonal roles
Mad scientist – After 1945
In the 1950s there was a great deal of enthusiasm for scientific progress, perhaps typified in films such as Disney’s Our Friend the Atom, in which a scientist holds a piece of radioactive Uranium and discusses the positive benefits radioactivity will bring, without due consideration to the potential downsides
Mad scientist – After 1945
This shift is typified by the revised history of Superman’s archenemy, Lex Luthor (Earth-One)|Lex Luthor: originally conceived in the 1930s as a typically solitary mad scientist, a major retcon of the character’s origins in 1986 made Lex Luthor the head of a megacorporation who also plays a leading role in his research and development department.
Market trend – Secondary market trend
The Japanese Nikkei 225 has been typified by a number of bear market rallies since the late 1980s while experiencing an overall long-term downward trend.
Smart grid policy in the United States
The term smart grid has come to describe a next-generation electrical power system that is typified by the increased use of communications and information technology in the generation, delivery and consumption of electrical energy
Syndicalism
Retrieved July 06, 2010: libcom.org/library/principles-of-syndicalism-tom-brown Throughout its history, the reformist section of syndicalism has been overshadowed by its revolutionary section, typified by the Federación Anarquista Ibérica section of the CNT.info on the FAI www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/f/10748453.php
West Point – Campus
Most of the buildings of the central cadet area are in this style, as typified by the West Point Cadet Chapel|Cadet Chapel, completed in 1910.Crackel (1991), p
Ron Arnold
Critics see Arnold as promoting abuse of the environment, typified in an assessment by Wild Wilderness executive director Scott Silver: Fifteen years after creating his 25 Point Wise-Use Agenda, an agenda prescribing unrestrained, unregulated and unconscionable abuse of the American commons, Ron Arnold is within striking distance of checking off every agenda item on his list
Oakland, California – Climate and vegetation
Oakland’s climate is typified by the temperate and seasonal Mediterranean climate
Zeitgeist
The ‘Zeitgeist’ (‘spirit of the age’ or ‘spirit of the time’) is the intellectual fashion or dominant school of thought that typifies and influences the culture of a particular period in time. For example, the Zeitgeist of modernism typified and influenced architecture, art, and fashion during much of the 20th century.
Refusal of work – The Abolition of Work
Black denounces work for its compulsion, and for the forms it takes – as subordination to a boss, as a job which turns a potentially enjoyable task into a meaningless chore, for the degradation imposed by systems of work-discipline, and for the large number of work-related deaths and injuries – which Black typifies as homicide
Refusal of work – The Abolition of Work
He points out that hunter-gatherer societies are typified by play, a view he backs up with the work of Marshall Sahlins; he recounts the rise of hierarchal societies, through which work is cumulatively imposed, so that the compulsive work of today would seem incomprehensibly oppressive even to ancients and medieval peasants
Witchcraft – Europe
The Protestant Christian explanation for witchcraft, such as those typified in the confessions of the Pendle witches, commonly involves a deal with the Devil|diabolical pact or at least an appeal to the intervention of the spirits of evil
Ancient Greek literature – The Hellenistic and Roman Periods
The Greek novel, typified by Chariton’s Callirhoe and the Hero and Leander of Pseudo-Musaeus, also emerged.
History of Europe – Interwar
Authoritarian militarism as typified by Germany had been defeated and discredited
Job scheduler – History
#* Job Control Language (JCL) on IBM mainframes. Initially based on JCL functionality to handle dependencies, this era is typified by the development of sophisticated scheduling solutions forming part of the systems management and automation toolset on the mainframe.
Adult hits – Branding
A variation of adult hits has made inroads into the country music|country format, typified by the Hank FM stations. A Spanish-language version, Jose FM, is syndicated by Entravision.
The Gores Group – Timeline
*Gores closes on $2.1 billion in capital commitments for its third institutional fund, Gores Capital Partners III, L.P.[http://www.cpifinancial.net/news/post/7544/the-gores-group-closes-2-billion-private-equity-fund- The Gores Group closes $2 billion private equity fund] CPI Financial.
D (programming language) – Features
The inline assembler typifies the differences between D and application languages like Java (programming language)|Java and C Sharp (programming language)|C#
Manding languages – Subdivisions
and eastern branches manifest themselves primarily phonetically. While dialects of the western group usually have 10 vowels (5 oral and 5 long/nasal), the eastern group, typified by Bambara, has 14 vowels (7 oral and 7 nasal):
Somali language – Morphology
Somali evinces an old prefixal verbal inflection restricted to four common verbs, with all other verbs undergoing inflection by more obvious suffixation. This general pattern is similar to the stem alternation that typifies Egyptian Arabic|Cairene Arabic.
Black Belt (region of Alabama) – History
Today, Alabama’s Black Belt includes some of the poorest counties in the United States. Along with high rates of poverty, the area is typified by declining populations, a primarily agricultural landscape with low-density settlement, high unemployment, poor access to education and medical care, substandard housing and high rates of crime.
Sharecropping – Overview
At the same time, most of the former slaves had labor but no money and no land; they rejected the kind of gang labor that typified slavery
Postmodernism – Influential postmodernist philosophers
In direct contradiction to what have been typified as Modernist perspectives on epistemology, Foucault asserted that rational judgment, social practice and what he called ‘biopower’ are not only inseparable but co-determinant
Humanism – Renaissance humanism
The great Italian artists, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, typified this ideal
Apartheid – Unity among white South Africans
Before South Africa became a republic, politics among white South Africans was typified by the division between the mainly Afrikaner pro-republic conservative and the largely English anti-republican liberalism|liberal sentiments,Muller (1975), p
Planned cities – England (and Scotland)
For some, this consensus was tied up with a concern for social welfare reform (typified by the Beveridge Report), as typified in the motto if we can build better, we can live better; for others, such as John Betjeman it was a more conservative objection to the changing character of existing towns.
Ideal type
‘Ideal type’ (), also known as the ‘pure type’, is a Typification|typological term most closely associated with antipositivist sociologist Max Weber (1864–1920). For Weber, the conduct of social science depends upon the construction of hypothetical concepts in the abstract. The ideal type is therefore a subjective element in social theory and research; one of many subjective elements which necessarily distinguish sociology from natural science.
Monism – Non-dualism
Nondualism is a modern, western New religious movement, with a reflexive-monist understanding of reality. It is typified by a syncretistic understanding of various religious traditions. According to nondualism, many forms of religion are based on an experiential or intuitive understanding of the Real Nondualism, a modern reinterpretation of these religions, prefers the term nondualism, instead of monism, because this understanding is nonconceptual, not graspapable in an idea.
Indonesian philosophy – Adat Social Structure
The social structure bound by a common adat was typified by small-scale communities of people in villages or of nomads wandering over a specific area
Social constructionism – Berger and Luckmann
Since this common sense knowledge is negotiated by people, human typifications, significations and social institution|institutions come to be presented as part of an objective reality, particularly for future generations who were not involved in the original process of negotiation
Egyptians – Genetic history
[the] Badari|Badarian people, who developed the earliest Predynastic Egyptian culture, already exhibited the mix of North African and Sub-Saharan physical traits that have typified Egyptians ever since (Hassan 1985; Yurco 1989; Trigger 1978; Keita 1990; Brace et al., this volume)..
John Ruskin – Art and design criticism
Ruskin’s strong rejection of Classicism|Classical tradition in The Stones of Venice (book)|The Stones of Venice typifies the inextricable mix of aesthetics and morality in his thought: Pagan in its origin, proud and unholy in its revival, paralysed in its old age..
Nirvana (band) – Musical style
Cobain’s solos were mostly blues-based and out of tune, which music writer Jon Chappell described as almost an iconoclastic parody of the traditional instrumental break, a quality typified by the note-for-note replication of the lead melody in Smells Like Teen Spirit and the atonal solo for Breed.
Matriarchy – In feminist thought
Matriarchists as typified by comic character Wonder Woman were criticized by Kathie Sarachild, Carol Hanisch, and some others.Siegel, Deborah, Sisterhood, Interrupted: From Radical Women to Grrls Gone Wild (N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 (ISBN 978-1-4039-8204-9)), p.65 (author PhD fellow, Woodhull Institute for Ethical Leadership).
Algebra – Prehistory of algebra
The geometric work of the Greeks, typified in the Elements, provided the framework for generalizing formulae beyond the solution of particular problems into more general systems of stating and solving equations, although this would not be realized until Mathematics in medieval Islam|mathematics developed in medieval Islam.
Taxonomic classification – The Linnaean era
(1957) Typification and later starting-points
Nair – Polyandry
Since the men resided separately and were not ranked in any way, Nayar co-husbandship cannot be typified by the hierarchy characteristic of associated marriage or the solidarity of fraternal polyandry
Anarchism in China – Diffusion of anarchist ideas
The practical implications of such a broad diffusion of anarchist ideas, and the setting in which it took place, are both strong indicators of the strong fusion of pragmatism and idealism that typified the Paris groups activities. In any case, the increased contact with actual flesh-and-blood workers had a profound effect on their propaganda and theory, with labor issues suddenly becoming a much more prominent part of their platform.
Peasant – Medieval European peasants
The trend toward individual ownership of land, typified in England by Enclosure, displaced many peasants from the land and compelled them, often unwillingly, to become urban factory-workers, who came to occupy the socio-economic stratum formerly the preserve of the medieval peasants.
Fabianism – Establishment
The Fellowship of the New Life was dissolved in 1899,Pease, 1916 but the Fabian Society grew to become the pre-eminent academic society in the United Kingdom in the Edwardian period|Edwardian era, typified by the members of its vanguard Coefficients (dining club)|Coefficients club. Public meetings of the Society were for many years held at Essex Hall, a popular location just off Strand, London|the Strand in central London.
Market economy – Anglo-Saxon model
Anglo-Saxon capitalism refers to the form of capitalism predominant in Anglophone countries and typified by the economy of the United States
David Ricardo – Ricardo’s theories of wages and profits
His laissez-faire doctrines were typified in his Iron Law of Wages, which stated that all attempts to improve the real income of workers were futile and that wages perforce remained near the subsistence level.John Kenneth Galbraith, Economics in Perspective, Returning to wages, Ricardo, in another of his greatly quoted passages, says that they are ‘That price which is necessary to enable the labourers, one with another, to subsist and to perpetuate their race, without either increase or diminution.’ This thought, as the Iron Law of Wages, was to enter into a history extending far beyond formal economics…, p
Walt Disney Animation Studios – 1960s: Walt Disney’s final years
The resulting art style—a scratchier line which revealed the construction lines in the animators’ drawings—typified Disney films into the 1980s
Passive-aggressive behavior – History
The DSM-III-R stated in 1987 that passive-aggressive disorder is typified by, among other things, fail[ing] to do the laundry or to stock the kitchen with food because of procrastination and dawdling.
John Holloway (economist) – Work
This current is typified by its rejection of both traditional Marxist ideas of state monopoly capitalism and more recent innovations such as Poulantzas’ Althusserian state theory, and the Regulation school,Post-Fordism and Social Form: A Marxist Debate on the Post-Fordist State (1991), ISBN 0-333-54393-9, ed
Cruelty to animals – In theory and practice
Passive cruelty is typified by cases of neglect, in which the cruelty is a lack of action rather than the action itself. Examples of neglect are starvation, dehydration, parasite infestations, allowing a collar to grow into an animal’s skin, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and failure to seek veterinary care when necessary.
Fantasy (psychology) – The fantasy principle
Such a perspective ‘sees emotions as central to developing fantasies about each other that are not determined by collective typifications’.Freshwater/robertson, p. 43
Roman republic – Campaign history
From the outset, Rome’s military typified this pattern and the majority of Rome’s campaigns were characterised by one of two types
UK company law
Of central importance in public and listed companies is the securities market, typified by the London Stock Exchange
Robber baron (industrialist) – In popular culture
In popular American culture, robber barons were usually depicted as men in suits with black top hats and walking sticks as typified by Rich Uncle Pennybags, the icon for the board game Monopoly (game)|Monopoly.Rod Kennedy and Jim Waltzer, Monopoly: The Story Behind the World’s Best-Selling Game (2004)
Social class in American history – Southern Colonies
These include the plantation masters and their families, as typified by the Byrd family
Anarcho-punk – Post 1977
Digital hardcore often takes an anarchist stance in their lyrics, as typified by genre pioneers Atari Teenage Riot
Security Officer – UK
The trend in the UK at the time of writing (March 2008) is one of polarisation. The market in Manned Guarding (the security industry term for the security guards most people are familiar with) is diverging toward two opposite extremes; one typified by a highly trained and well paid security officer; the other with security officers on or about minimum wage with only the minimum training required by law.
Byron White – Substantive due process doctrine
White’s opinion in Bowers typified White’s fact-specific, deferential style of deciding cases: White’s opinion treated the issue in that case as presenting only the question of whether homosexuals had a fundamental right to engage in sexual activity, even though the statute in Bowers potentially applied to heterosexual sodomy (see Bowers, 478 U.S
Lorazepam – Tolerance and dependence
Dependence typified by a withdrawal syndrome occurs in about one-third of individuals who are treated for longer than four weeks with a benzodiazepine
Indo-European languages – Satem and centum languages
This latter distinction led von Bradke to divide the palatal series into a group as a spirant and a pure K-sound, typified by the words satem and centum respectively.
Janis Joplin – Kozmic Blues Band
The Stax-Volt RB sound was typified by the use of horns and had a more bluesy, funky, soul, pop-oriented sound than most of the hard-rock psychedelic bands of the period
Free content – Software
Open source development models have been classified as having a similar peer-recognition and collaborative benefit incentives that are typified by more classical fields such as scientific research, with the social structures that result from this incentive model decreasing production cost.
Butt joint – Knock-down fasteners
‘Knock-down fasteners’ are a hardware device made for the purpose of constructing butt joints that can be assembled and re-assembled repeatedly (hence knock-down). This type of fastener is very popular in flat-pack furniture, which is typified by items such as book cases and wall units that come in a package of pre-cut and pre-drilled components ready to assemble by a novice. They are also very common in modern modular kitchens.
Turbine engine failure – Shut downs that are not engine failures
However, passengers may become quite alarmed by other engine events such as a compressor surge — a malfunction that is typified by loud bangs and even flames from the engine’s inlet and tailpipe
Amphora – Utility
Their design differs significantly from the more functional versions; they are typified by wide mouth and a ring base, with a glazed surface and decorated with figures or geometric shapes
Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary – Food web
Prior to the 1980s the LSZ was dominated by a phytoplankton-driven foodweb, a stable mesoplankton population dominated by the copepod Eurytemora affinis, and large macrozooplankton typified by San Francisco bay shrimp and mysid shrimps.Orsi 1986 These provided nutrition and energy to native filter feeders such as the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and planktivores such as delta smelt and juvenile salmon.
The Modern Corporation and Private Property – IV The new concept of the corporation
The future may see the economic organism, now typified by the corporation, not only on an equal plane with the state, but possibly even superseding it as the dominant form of social organization
Cabinetry – Scandinavian
This style of design is typified by clean horizontal and vertical lines. Compared to other designs there is a distinct absence of ornamentation. While Scandinavian design is easy to identify, it is much more about the materials than the design.
Intarsia – Process
Early examples in Florence date from the mid fifteenth century and reached a peak of refinement and complexity in revetments of the Medici Chapel, produced under Medici patronage in the Opificio delle Pietre Dure, which was established by Ferdinando I de’ Medici
Fordism – In Regulation theory
It is typified by a cycle of mass production and mass consumption, the production of standardized (most often) consumer items to be sold in (typically) protected domestic markets, and the use of Keynesian economic policies
Cross-cultural capital
This corresponds to Ang and Van Dyne’s (2008) nomological network of cultural intelligence model, where cultural intelligence is conceptualized as a more of state-like construct that mediates distal factors, which are typified as trait-like (e.g., personality traits) and intermediate constructs such as communication apprehension and anxiety, which, in turn, are postulated to affect a host of individual and interpersonal outcomes that can be broadly classified into performance and cultural adaptation.
Disco – Proto-disco and early history of disco music
Philadelphia and New York soul were evolutions of the Motown sound, and were typified by the lavish percussion instrument|percussion and lush strings that became a prominent part of mid-1970s disco songs
Disco – 1982–1990: Post-disco and dance
During the early 1980s, dance music dropped the complicated melodic structure and orchestration that typified the disco sound.
Herbert Hoover – Presidency 1929–1933
Unlike many previous first ladies, when Hoover’s wife, Lou Henry Hoover, came to the White House, she had already carved out her own reputation, having graduated from Stanford as the only woman in her class with a degree in geology. Although she never practiced her profession formally, she typified the new woman of the post–World War I era: intelligent, robust, and aware of multiple female possibilities.
International standard business attire
‘Informal attire’, also called ‘international business attire’ or ‘Western business attire’ is a dress code, typified by a suit (clothing)|suit and necktie
African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) – Mass action replacing litigation
The strategy of public education, legislative lobbying, and litigation that had typified the Civil Rights Movement during the first half of the 20th century broadened after Brown to a strategy that emphasized direct action: primarily boycotts, sit-ins, Freedom Rides, marches and similar tactics that relied on mass mobilization, nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience. This mass action approach typified the movement from 1960 to 1968.
Overcoat – History of the overcoat
This gradually shifted to the looser styles more common now, typified by the Chesterfield coat, which became popular by the end of the Victorian fashion|Victorian period
Futurism – Italian Futurism
Carrà’s Woman with Absinthe (1911), Severini’s Self-Portrait (1912), and Boccioni’s Matter (1912)), it was the urban scene and vehicles in motion that typified Futurist painting—e.g
Modernization theory – Germany’s Sonderweg
Scholars of the 19th century who emphasized a separate German path to modernity saw it as a positive factor that differentiated Germany from the western path typified by Great Britain
Roaring Twenties – Prohibition
Americans’ continued desire for alcohol under prohibition led to the rise of organized crime as typified by Chicago’s Al Capone.Daniel Okrent, Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition(2010) Prohibition in Canada|In Canada, prohibition was only imposed nationally for a short period of time, but a new industry developed in smuggling liquor into the U.S.Gerald Hallowell, Prohibition in Canada
Roaring Twenties – Business Progressivism
What historians have identified as business progressivism, with its emphasis on efficiency and typified by Henry Ford and Herbert HooverJoan Hoff Wilson, Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive (1975) reached an apogee in the 1920s
Skinhead – Racism, anti-racism and politics
This anti-extremist attitude was musically typified by Oi! bands such as Cockney Rejects, The 4-Skins, Toy Dolls, and The Business (band)|The Business
Brassiere – Bra fashion
In the United States during the 1920s, the fashion for breasts was to flatten them as typified by the Flapper|Flapper era. During the 1940s and 1950s, the sweater girl became fashionable, supported by a bullet bra (known also as a torpedo or cone bra) like those worn by Jane Russell and Patti Page.
German Empire – Sonderweg
Nineteenth century scholars who emphasized a separate German path to modernity saw it as a positive factor that differentiated Germany from the western path typified by Great Britain
Melvyn Douglas
Douglas came to prominence in the 1930s as a suave leading man, perhaps best typified by his performance in the 1939 romantic comedy Ninotchka with Greta Garbo. Douglas later transitioned into more mature and fatherly roles as in his Academy Award-winning performances in Hud (film)|Hud (1963) and Being There (1979).
Labour specialization – Émile Durkheim
Durkheim believes that organic solidarity prevails in more advanced societies, while mechanical solidarity typifies less developed societies.Moody, James
Rake (character)
They were typified by the Merry gang of courtiers, who included as prominent members the John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester|Earl of Rochester; George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham; and the Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset|Earl of Dorset, who combined riotous living with intellectual pursuits and patronage of the arts
Akira Kurosawa – Master–disciple relationship
Its end is death, not the renewal of commitment to the living that typified its outcome in earlier films
Kanye West – 2008–09: 808s Heartbreak
Music audiences were taken aback by the uncharacteristic production style and the presence of Auto-Tune, which typified the pre-release response to the record.
Benzodiazepine dependence – Definition
Benzodiazepine dependence is the condition resulting from repeated use of benzodiazepine drugs. It can include both a physical dependence as well as a psychological dependence and is typified by a withdrawal syndrome upon a fall in blood plasma levels of benzodiazepines, e.g., during dose reduction or abrupt withdrawal.
Puritans – Cultural consequences
The opposition to acting as public performance, typified by William Prynne’s Histriomastix, was not a concern with drama as a form. John Milton wrote Samson Agonistes as verse drama, and had, at an early stage, contemplated writing Paradise Lost in that form. N.H. Keeble writes:
Calvinism – Regulative principle of worship
On this basis, many early Calvinists also eschewed musical instruments and advocated a capella exclusive psalmody in worship, though Calvin himself allowed other scriptural songs as well as psalms, and this practice typified presbyterian worship and the worship of other Reformed churches for some time
High Court of Australia – Mason court
For the first time, the court referred to historical materials such as the debates of the Constitutional Convention (Australia)|Constitutional Conventions to ascertain the purpose of the section, and the unanimous decision indicated a willingness to overturn established doctrines and precedents perceived to be no longer working, a trend which typified the Mason court.
American exceptionalism – Absence of feudalism
The liberal consensus school, typified by David M
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